What are different types of Vascular Diseases?

Vascular diseases refer to a specific category of diseases that affect our blood vessels which includes the arteries and veins. Our blood vessels function in coordination with a heart and help to supply oxygenated blood from the heart to different parts of the body and the deoxygenated blood from these body parts back to the heart. Our blood vessels are extremely sensitive and prone to a number of diseases and defects that can be hereditary, congenital or acquired due to unhealthy lifestyle practices. You can find one of the best vascular surgeon in Delhi NCR who is specialised in all kinds of vascular problems. He is listed amongst the top vascular surgeons in Delhi and has performed various successful surgical procedures to help patients suffering from a chronic vascular disease.

As per the leading vascular surgery doctors in Delhi, vascular diseases can affect people of any age group or gender and most of the time it is difficult to determine the symptoms in the initial stages. Vascular problems are more common in adults especially elderly people as their blood vessels tend to lose their strength and become defected easily. A lot of patients prefer to undergo vascular surgery in Delhi as you can find the most efficient and trusted vascular surgeons in Delhi. Depending on the type of vessel affected, Vascular diseases can be broadly divided into different types.

Some of the most common types of vascular diseases include the following:

Atherosclerosis and Peripheral Artery Disease - peripheral arteries serve as a pathway for the blood from the heart to various tissues and organs throughout our body. These can get severely affected by unhealthy deposits of fat, cholesterol and other impurities which can get easily deposited on the inner wall of the arteries. This leads to narrowing of the artery which hinders the normal flow of blood. The problem can lead to chest pain accompanied by breathlessness, nausea and fatigue. If left untreated it can lead to heart failure, stroke or even death.

Aneurysm - it refers to a bulge that occurs in the wall of the blood vessel and commonly affects the aorta. An aneurysm can either be thoracic or abdominal. All the problem does not pose any serious threat to the life of the patient but may trigger plaque build up. It can also lead to clot formation which can travel via the blood channels and get deposited on different organs.

Raynaud's Phenomenon (Raynaud's Disease or Raynaud's Syndrome) - the problems caused by temporary cut down of blood supply to your fingers or toes when you are cold or excited.

Peripheral Venous Disease and Varicose Veins - the problem occurs when your valves get so damaged that they do not close completely when your muscles are in a relaxed position. Usually, the valves prevent the backward flow of blood but in patients suffering from peripheral venous disease, there might be a flow of blood from both the sides.

Blood Clotting Disorders - there are certain disorders that can trigger the formation of clots in your body. The problem can be congenital or the result of an accident.  As a result of this problem the patient experience higher levels of the clot-forming substances like fibrinogen and factor 8, deficiency of blood thinning proteins, difficulty in breaking down fibrin and damage to the endothelium.

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How to use your shoulder after shoulder replacement surgery?

If your shoulder joint gets seriously damaged due to a disease or injury suffered in an accident, you might need to get it replaced by the help of a shoulder joint replacement surgery and you should know that your shoulder is not going to be the same after such surgery. You will have to get used to the artificial fixtures after the surgery as the surgery involves the replacement of the damaged joints by artificially created parts called grafts. The parts may include a stem made of metal and a metal ball that fits on the top of the stem and a plastic piece may be used as the new surface of the shoulder blade. Shoulder replacement surgery cost, as well as arthroscopic shoulder surgery cost, is quite affordable in India as compared to other countries in the world that is why so many NRIs prefer to get the surgery done here.

You will need to wear a sling for at least first 6 weeks after shoulder replacement surgery and this is done to provide extra support or protection to the arm and shoulder. You can continue using the sling even after this time period even after this period. You may need to wear a shoulder immobilizer to keep the joint in place as well. You should rest your shoulder and elbow on a rolled up towel or small pillow when lying down as this will help in preventing damage to your shoulder which can be possibly caused by the stretching of the muscles or tendons and you will need to keep doing this for 6 to 8 weeks after your surgery, even when wearing a sling. Wear the sling all the time unless your surgeon asks you to remove it. You should use the support of your good arm to move the arm that has undergone the surgery and move it only as much as your shoulder replacement doctors have asked you to. After 4 to 6 weeks of the surgery, your surgeon or physical therapist will show you other exercises to stretch your shoulder and gain more movement in your joint.

Your surgeon or physical therapist may teach you pendulum exercises to do at home for 4 to 6 weeks which will help your shoulder to gain strength and help you get acquainted with the new parts. To do these exercises you can lean over and support your weight with your good arm on a counter or table, hang your arm, that has been operated upon, down or very carefully and slowly swing your loose arm round and round in circles. Your surgeon or physical therapist will also teach you safe ways to move your arm and shoulder so that you do not over-exert your shoulder joints. You should not try to lift or move your shoulder without supporting it with your good arm or having someone else supporting it and your surgeon or therapist will tell you when it is okay to lift or move your shoulder without this support.

These exercises and movements may be hard in the beginning and may put a lot of strain on your shoulder but they will get easier over time and it is very important to do these as your surgeon or therapist showed you as doing these exercises will help your shoulder get better faster and they will also help you be more active after you recover.

You should try to avoid certain activities and movements like using your shoulder a lot, lifting objects heavier than a cup of coffee, supporting your body weight on the operated arm, making sudden jerking movements. Your surgeon or physical therapist will tell you which sports and other activities are okay for you after your recovery. You will probably not be able to drive for at least 4 to 6 weeks after the surgery as you might need to take narcotics during this period.

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How to get rid of pigmentation?

We all want to a have a clear and flawless skin but there are many skin problems that might drastically impact our skin and we might need medical assistance to get rid of these. Some of these common skin issues include fine lines, wrinkles, acne, blemishes and pimples. Pigmentation refers to dark spots or patches on the surface of the skin that are a result of the accumulation of pigment, melanin, at several spots due to exposure to the sun. These spots and patches are usually found on the forehead and cheeks. Pigmentation can affect anyone irrespective of the person's skin colour. Mild pigmentation can be treated by the use of certain medicated ointments but in case of chronic pigmentation, surgical intervention might be required. The treatment for pigmentation is offered by the best plastic surgery hospital in Delhi. 

The use of new and highly advanced machines and equipment has helped to take cosmetic surgery in Delhi to new heights. You can find one of the best cosmetic surgeons in Delhi who has successfully helped many patients to get rid of pigmentation. The best plastic surgeon in Delhi offers a wide range of treatment procedures for patients suffering from pigmentation.

Some of the most common surgical procedures include the following: 

Microdermabrasion - The procedure is used for mild pigmentation and involves the removal of the topmost layer of the skin to get rid of the sunspots and other types of minimal and superficial discolouration. Microdermabrasion also involves procedures like Derma Sweep in which anti-pigment agents are infused into the skin to further lighten the spots. 

Chemical peel - The procedure involves the use of mild chemicals like salicylic acid, glycolic acid and TCA. The effects of the treatment become evident within no time and are highly effective for deeper pigmentation. The procedure can be altered depending upon the type of skin. All the chemical peel is a highly effective method of removing pigmentation, it is not suitable for every person, especially for those who have an earlier history of scarring. Such patients should discuss their problem with the dermatologist and consider other options. 

Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) - Intense pulsed light is one of the best methods for treating sun-induced pigmentation. The procedure involves the use of intense beams of light to target the blood vessels in the area of skin affected with pigmentation. The affected areas become dark and flake out within a few days. Sometimes doctors also perform intense pulsed light treatment after one or two sessions of laser treatment in order to give better results. 

Fractional Laser Resurfacing - fractional laser resurfacing is one of the most intense procedures available for pigmentation removal and is highly effective for stubborn pigments. The procedure is carried out by inducing micro injuries on the skin with the sole aim of stimulating the skin's healing process. As new skin comes to the surface, pigmentation is naturally diminished.

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What are the early signs of sudden Cardiac Arrest?

The health of the heart is a prerequisite to maintain a healthy well-being and for your kind information it is not a layman’s advice but is actually the weighted opinion of the best heart doctor in India. Heart performs functions of tremendous importance in the human body, it circulates oxygenated blood to each and every part of the human body. The structure of the heart is composed of four chambers and valves which sync their functions together for an efficient working of the heart. Such is the importance of heart and so is the concern towards its health. Any negative impact on the heart can prove to be life-threatening in nature. The reasons which impact the heart vary across lines. In such situations, the key to maintain a healthy heart and is to understand the manifestations which point out towards serious clinical heart problems. This can upturn the fatality of a case into a life-saving endeavour. In the following excerpt, we have specifically dealt with the signs and condition of a sudden cardiac arrest.

The symptoms of a sudden cardiac arrest are immediate in nature. In such emergency situations, the person along with the patient should work instantly and seek medical help right away. The most complex part about the signs of a sudden cardiac arrest ate their life-threatening impact on the patient, if the on-time medical emergency is not provided to the patient, the results can be fatal as well. A sudden cardiac arrest is manifested with a sudden collapse of the patient. The loss of consciousness is clearly prominent. The patient may stop to breathe and the pulse rate dies if the person is observing a sudden cardiac arrest. If no medical help reaches the patient in about four to six minutes, the patient can die because the brain stops to perform as the required amount of oxygenated blood does not reach the heart on time. These symptoms are of a drastic nature and without any further delay, the medical emergency should be informed. No state of delay can be accepted in such emergency situations of a sudden cardiac arrest.

In such emergency cases, the first reaction should be calling the medical emergency and ambulance, inform them about the adversity of the situation. If the person showcases no sign (or lack) of breathing or he/ she is a child, then perform CPR or only the chest compressions. Almost 100 to 200 compressions should be performed in a minute for the life-saving attempt. Professionals who are trained in CPR, they can evaluate the airways of the collapsed person and provide rescue breaths after every 30 compressions. CPR (or chest compressions) can help in aiding the patient to breathe again which can provide them with the required oxygen. Always remember to let the chest rise between the performed chest compressions. If a portable defibrillator is available, use it to aid CPR (or chest compressions). In case, you are not experienced with the use of a portable defibrillator, contact the medical emergency service, they will instantly guide you to use a portable defibrillator. The increasing awareness regarding hear health has provided the availability of portable automated external defibrillators (AEDs) which can be kept at homes for emergency situations, they come with built-in instructions. Portable automated external defibrillators (AEDs) can check a person’s rhythm and provide a shock if it is important for the situation. Usually, the public places have their own portable automated external defibrillators (AEDs). In some cases, adverse symptoms such as blackouts and chest pain may be observed. Unexplained fatigue and intense fainting can also accompany the situation of a sudden cardiac arrest. These symptoms even though are severe in nature yet they allow the time for the medical service to reach the patient.

The cardiologists advise that we should go for regular health checkups because a sudden cardiac arrest is usually linked with a pre-existing heart condition. The most common condition is a coronary artery disease which is caused by narrowing of the heart with deposition of cholesterol or other materials. The conduction of electrical impulses by the heart is interfered by the development of a coronary heart disease. An adverse form a coronary artery disease can also lead to ventricular fibrillation which is the onset of a heart attack. A faulty heart valve can trigger a serious valvular heart disease which is can be the result of the narrowing of heart valves. It can also lead to their improper opening and closing, causing the backward flow of blood. The leaking valve can exert unnecessary pressure on the heart which enhances the risk of arrhythmia. Risk of arrhythmias is also triggered by a heart attack because it causes scar tissue which interferes with the electrical impulses conducted by the heart.

Primary heart rhythm abnormalities are also the underlying reason for a sudden cardiac arrest. For instance, Brugada's syndrome is a problem which is present in the electrical system of the heart. Cardiomyopathy which is caused due to the stretching of the muscular walls of the heart, it triggers arrhythmias and can manifest damage to the heart. Congenital heart diseases are also responsible for severe cardiovascular problems. Their diagnosis can help in treatment through a corrective surgery which considerably decreases the damage to the heart in this case.

The heart hospital in India be it any dynamically experienced medical centre or a widely entrusted heart institution, they are always working towards creating an understanding among the patients as well as their family members and relatives that awareness regarding the working of the heart and its problems is very important to assess the health of the heart. Recognizing the signs of a sudden cardiac arrest not only enhances the health of the patient but also they can be a life saviour because the impact of a cardiac arrest can be life-threatening. Another important facet which is elaborated by the cardiologists all around the world is the focus on the precautionary principle. If precautions are taken in the first place, the lifestyle-related habits are kept in check with accord to the health of the heart, the risks of cardiac arrest can be decreased.

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